Pemakanan Sihat
Ramai daripada kita mengabaikan makanan sihat dan tidak lagi mengikut piramid makanan yang disarankan Kementerian Kesihatan.
Kalau diperhatikan, masyarakat kita makan sepanjang masa - malah selepas jam 12 tengah malam masih ada yang melepak di kedai kopi menikmati nasi lemak atu roti canai.
Tidak hairanlah jika Malaysia menduduki tangga pertama di rantau Asia Tenggara kerana mempunyai rakyat paling gemuk seiring kadar obesiti yang semakin meningkat setiap tahun.
Itu belum dikira peningkatan pesakit kencing manis, darah tinggi atau kolesterol tinggi yang semuanya mempunyai kaitan rapat dengan tabiat makan.
Semua orang tahu kita perlu mengamalkan pemakanan seimbang.
Makanan seimbang dapat menjauhkan kita daripada pelbagai penyakit. Makanan seimbang bermaksud makanan yang menyumbang semua nutrisi diperlukan badan seperti karbohidrat, protein, lemak, serat, bahan galian, vitamin dan asid lemak dalam kuantiti secukupnya.
Pemakanan yang sihat seharusnya dipupuk dari rumah dan seelok-eloknya ketika kanak-kanak supaya ia menjadi satu tabiat sepanjang hayat.
Beikut adalah amalan pemakanan secara sihat yang disarankan Lembaga Promosi Kesihatan Malaysia yang boleh kita jadikan panduan dalam pemakanan seharian.
1. Pastikan pengambilan nasi dan bijirin cukup.
Kumpulan makanan ini termasuk bijirin seperti nasi, gandum, pulut, oat, barli, jagung, produk bijirin seperti mi, roti, kuih-kuih, biskut, bijirin sarapan dan ubi-ubian contohnya kentang, keledek, ubi kayu dan keladi. Setiap hari badan kita memerlukan empat hingga lapan sajian daripada kumpulan ini. Makanlah semua jenis makanan daripada kumpulan makanan ini dan utamakan makanan tinggi serat seperti beras perang atau kurangkan pengambilan udang, ketam dan kerang. Makan daging, ayam dan telur secara sederhana. Pilih daging kurang lemak seperti daging batanu roti bijirin penuh.
2. Lebihkan sayur-sayuran dan buah-buahan setiap hari.
Amalkan pengambilan pelbagai jenis buah-buahan dan sayur-sayuran dengan kuantiti yang banyak dalam setiap hidangan. Makan sayur-sayuran berwarna hijau seperti sawi dan kailan bersama batang sayur seelok-eloknya setiap hari. Namun jangan pula mengabaikan sayur-sayuran berwarna lain kerana setiap sayur-sayuran ada khasiatnya tersendiri. Makanlah sayur-sayuran seperti lada Benggala, peria dan petola beberapa kali seminggu. Utamakan buah-buahan dan sayur-sayuran segar berbanding yang diproses.
3. Makan ikan, daging, ayam, telur dan kekacang secara sederhana.
Makan sekurang-kurangnya seekor ikan setiap hari yang terdiri daripada pelbagai jenis ikan. Buang sebanyak mungkin lemak yang kelihatan sebelum memasaknya. Pilih bahagian ayam tanpa kulit seperti dada ayam atau buang kulit ayam sebelum memasak. Hadkan pengambilan organ dalaman haiwan seperti hati, limpa dan otak. Masak daging atau ayam menggunakan kaedah masakan yang kurang berlemak seperti membakar, mengukus, merebus atau memanggang. Hadkan pengambilan makanan laut yang bersalut tepung seperti ikan goreng, udang goreng tepung dan sebagainya. Kaedah ini juga menyebabkan makanan menyerap lebih banyak minyak ketika menggoreng. Pilih pelbagai jenis kekacang dan dal serta produknya seperti tempe atau tauhu ketika menyediakan makanan. Tambah kekacang seperti kacang pis atau dal dalam sup dan lauk.
4. Ambil susu dan produk tenusu secukupnya.
Tingkatkan pengambilan susu seperti produk susu yang rendah gula ketika penyediaan makanan atau minuman. Gantikan susu pekat manis dengan susu dalam bentuk cecair atau susu tepung.
5. Hadkan makanan tinggi kandungan lemak dan kolesterol.
Hadkan penggunaan minyak dan lemak seperti minyak kelapa dan santan. Buang lemak pada daging atau ayam sebelum memasaknya seperti membuang kulit pada ayam. Kurangkan penggunaan minyak masak ketika penyediaan makanan. Pelbagaikan kaedah memasak seperti mengukus, merebus, memanggang dan membakar. Hadkan pengambilan makanan daripada organ haiwan seperti otak dan hati serta telur ikan kurang daripada dua kali sebulan. Buang kepala ikan bilis dan udang sebelum memasak.
6. Pilih dan sediakan makanan yang kurang garam dan sos.
Kurangkan penggunaan bahan perisa atau serbuk perasa seperti garam semasa memasak. Kurangkan juga penggunaan sos seperti sos cili, sos tomato, sos ikan atau sos soya dalam masakan. Kurangkan pengambilan makanan yang tinggi garam seperti ikan masin, telur masin, sayur asin, kerepek atau keropok masin serta makanan diproses seperti sosej, nuget, bebola daging dan burger. Rendam makanan yang masin sebelum dimasak. Gunakan bahan perisa penambah perisa semula jadi seperti bawang putih, halia, serai, limau nipis, daun sup, daun kesum dan rempah ratus untuk menambah perisa dalam makanan. Baca label dan elakkan produk yang menyenaraikan garam di bahagian awal senarai ramuan dan pilih produk berlabel 'rendah garam'.
7. Ambil makanan dan minuman kurang gula.
Elakkan minuman manis seperti air berkarbonat, sirap atau kordial dan lebihkan pengambilan air kosong. Hadkan gula, susu pekat manis atau krimer manis kepada satu sudu teh saja atau setiap cawan. Elak menambah gula dalam masakan. Elakkan juga makan dan minum antara hidangan utama dan sebelum tidur. Amalkan memakan buah sebagai pencuci mulut bagi menggantikan kuih, kek, dan bubur manis. Baca label dan elakkan produk yang menyenaraikan gula di bahagian awal senarai ramuan. Pilih produk berlabel 'rendah gula' dan 'bebas gula'.
8. Minum banyak air kosong setiap hari.
Air adalah komponen utama yang terkandung dalam tubuh manusia. Jumlah pengambilan air kosong yang disarankan sebanyak enam hingga lapan gelas sehari. Minum satu hingga dua gelas air semasa waktu makan. Kerap minum air kosong walaupun anda tidak dahaga. Ambil sekurang-kurangnya dua gelas tambahan apabila melakukan aktiviti fizikal bagi menggantikan air yang hilang semasa berpeluh contohnya seperti melakukan aktiviti bersenam.
Sumber : Berita Harian
Tarikh : Mac 22, 2017
Healthy Eating
Many of us are neglecting healthy eating habit and no longer following food pyramid as recommended by Health Ministry.
If we take a look, our society eats all the time - even after midnight, there are still many customers sitting around in coffee shop and enjoying nasi lemak or roti canai.
No wonder Malaysia is in first place in Southeast Asia for having the most obese people and the number increases every year.
This yet to include the increasing number of diabetic, high pressure or high colesterol patients, that related to eating habit.
Everybody knows that we have to practice balance diet.
A balanced diet helps us prevent numerous diseases. A balanced diet means foods that contribute all nutrients that required by body such as carbohydrate, protein, fat, fiber, minerals, vitamin and fat asid in relevant quantities.
It is good if healthy diet can begin from home when the kids are young, so that it'll be a life long habit.
Below are healthy eating practisce as recommended by Lembaga Promosi Kesihatan Malaysia that can be used as a guideline in our daily diet.
1. Make sure taking enough rice or cereals.
These group of food includes cereals such as rice, wheat, glutinous rice, oats, barley, corn, cereal products such as noodle, bread, variety of kueh, biscuits, breakfast cereals and tubers such as potato, sweet potato, tapioca and yam. Every day our body needs four to eight portions from this group. Consume all types of food from this group and priortize high fiber foods such as brown rice or reduce taking prawn, crap and cockle. Consume meat, chicken and egg in moderate. Choose low fat meat like fully batanu meat wholemeal bread.
2. Consume more vegetables and fruits every day.
Practice consume varieties of fruits and vegetables in large quantity in every meal. Consume green color vegetables like mustard, kale with its stem everyday, if possible. However, do not forget other green colored vegetables because different vegetable has its own benefits. Consume vegetables like capsicum, groud and loofah few times in a week. Priortize fresh fruits and vegetables compared to processed foods.
3. Consume fish, meat, chicken, egg and nut in moderate
Consume at least one type of fish everyday. Get rid of the fat as much as possible before start cooking. Choose chicken portion without skin like chicken breast or remove its skin before start cooking. Limit the intake of its internal organ such as liver, sweetbread and shrimp paste. Cook the meat or chicken that uses less fat such as grill, steam or boiled. Limit the intake of flour coated seafood like flour fried fish, flour fried prawn etc. This way of cooking absorbs more oil during cooking. Choose varieties of nuts and dhal and its related products such as tempeh or tofu during preparing food. Add nuts like peas or dhal in soup and dish.
4. Take enough milk dan dairy products.
Increase milk intake such as low sweet milk when preparing food or drink. Replace condensed milk with liquid milk or milk powder.
5. Limit the intake of foods that high in fat and cholesterol.
Limit the usage of oil and fat like coconut oil and coconut milk. Discard fat on the meat or chicken like discarding chicken skin before start cooking. Reduce using cooking oil when cooking. Try different methods of cooking like steaming, boiled, grilled. Limit the intake of animals internal organ such as brain and liver and fish eggs less than twice in a month. Discard anchovy and prawn head before start cooking.
6. Choose and prepare foods less in salt and sauce.
Reduce taking foods high in food flavoring or salt during cooking. Reduce using sauce like chili sauce, tomato sauce, fish sauce or soya sauce during cooking. Reduce taking foods high in salt like salted fish, salted egg, salted vegetable, chips or salted chips and processed foods like sausage, nugget, meat ball or burger. Soak the salted foods before start cooking. Use natural added food flovouring like garlic, ginger, lemon grass, lime, chinese celery, kesum leaves and spices for extra flavour in foods. Read the label and avoid products that lists salt on top and choose products with 'low salt' label.
7. Take less sugar foods and drinks
Avoid sweet drinks like carbonated drinks, syrup or codial dan increase drinking plain water. Limit sugar, sweet condensed milk or sweet creamer to one tea spoon for one cup. Avoid adding sugar in cooking. Avoid eating and drinking in between meals and before going to bed. Practice consuming fruits as dessert to replace kueh, cake and sweet mush. Read the label and avoid products that lists sugar at the top. Choose products with 'low sugar' and 'sugar free'.
8. Drink a lot of water every day
Water is an important compenent in our body. It is recommended to take six to eight glass of plain water every day. Drink one to two glasses of water during eating. Drink a lot of water even when you are not thirsty. Take at least two extra glass of water when doing physical activities to replace disappearing water like sweating, for example, during exercise.
Translated : Teratai Melur
Email : terataigenius@gmail.com
**If you need translation service, kindly email details to the above email address.
Thank you.
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